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A black mecca, in the United States, is a city to which African Americans, particularly professionals,〔("Economics Perspectives: What Cities = More Black Jobs?", ''Black Enterprise'', November 1991 )〕 are drawn to live, due to some or all of the following factors: * superior economic opportunities for blacks, often as assessed by the presence of a large black upper-middle and upper class * black political power in a city * leading black educational institutions in a city * a city's leading role in black arts, music, and other culture * harmonious black-white race relations in a city Atlanta has been referred to as a black mecca since the 1970s, while New York City's Harlem was referred to as a black mecca during the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s and still is today.〔"Further, by 1920 Harlem had gained a symbolic significance for blacks which caused it to be referred to as a "mecca" by scholars of the period" in Carolyn Jackson, ("Harlem Renaissance: Pivotal Period in the Development of Afro-American Culture" ), Yale University.〕〔reference to the text "Harlem—the Mecca of the Negroes the country over" in Wallace Thurman's 1928 book ''Negro Life in New York's Harlem'', in Sharifa Rhodes-Pitts, (''Harlem is Nowhere: A Journey to the Mecca of Black America'' ), Little, Brown, 2011.〕 == Atlanta == Atlanta has frequently been referred to as a black mecca since the 1970s.〔"A CHAMPION FOR ATLANTA: Maynard Jackson: 'Black mecca' burgeoned under leader", ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'', June 29, 2003.〕〔"the city that calls itself America's ' Black Mecca'"; in William Booth, "Atlanta Is Less Than Festive on Eve of Another 'Freaknik'", ''Washington Post'', April 18, 1996.〕〔"'The Black Mecca' leads the nation in numbers of African American millionaires; at the same time, it leads the nation in the percentage of its children in poverty"; in Robert D. Bullard, (''The Black Metropolis in the Twenty-first Century: Race, Power, and Politics'' ), Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, p. 151.〕〔"the city that earned a national reputation as America's 'black mecca'"; in David J. Dent, (''In Search of Black America: Discovering the African-American Dream'' ), Free Press, 2001.〕〔"the cornerstone upon which today's 'Black Mecca' was built"; in William Jelani Cobb, ("The New South's Capital Likes to Contradict Itself" ), ''Washington Post'', July 13, 2008.〕〔"And, they said, don't forget Atlanta's reputation as a black mecca"; in ("Georgia second in nation for black-owned businesses" ), ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'', August 5, 2010.〕〔("Atlanta is New Mecca for Blacks" ), ''Ebony'', September 1997.〕〔"Atlanta's allure as the black mecca"; in ("Atlanta contest shows battered black electorate" ), Associated Press article on ''MSNBC'', December 4, 2009.〕〔" the Southern capital regarded as the nation's black mecca"; in Emin Haines, ("Race, attacks expected in Atlanta mayor runoff" ), ''Marietta Daily Journal'', November 5, 2009.〕〔("Is Atlanta the new black mecca?" ) ''Ebony'', March 2002.〕〔("Atlanta, black mecca of the South" ), ''Ebony'', August 1971.〕〔Terry Williams, ("Money talks: Atlanta has the highest percentage of middle-class blacks of any city in the nation" ), ''Atlanta'' magazine, March 2003.〕〔“Atlanta is a city that is known as the black mecca"; in ("Upcoming city elections will show how Atlanta is undergoing profound changes" ), ''Saporta Report'', October 2009.〕〔"That stockpile of black brain power has made Atlanta the nation's mecca for blacks, especially buppies looking for Afro-American affluence and political clout"; in "Bond vs. Lewis - it's Atlanta's loss that only one of the two can win", ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'', August 16, 1986.〕〔"Is it this that has made Atlanta the mecca of the black middle class?"; in Henry Louis Gates, (''America Behind the Color Line: Dialogues with African Americans'' ), Grand Central Publishing, 2007.〕〔"Atlanta had always been a black mecca and continues to be one;, in Kim Severson, ("Stars Flock to Atlanta, Reshaping a Center of Black Culture" ), ''New York Times'', November 26, 2011.〕〔Nathan McCall, ("Atlanta: The City of the Next Generation" ), ''Black Enterprise'', May 1987.〕 In 1971, ''Ebony'' magazine called Atlanta the "black mecca of the South", because "black folks have more, live better, accomplish more and deal with whites more effectively than they do anywhere else in the South—or North".〔 ''Ebony'' illustrated as evidence of "mecca" status Atlanta's high black home ownership, the Atlanta University Center (the nation's largest consortium of historically black colleges (HBCUs)), Atlanta's civil rights heritage, black business ownership, black-owned restaurants, the civic leadership of the black clergy, black fraternal organizations, and black political power in City Hall, while it also acknowledged the poverty which a large percentage of Atlanta's black population endured. In 1983, Atlanta magazine said that Atlanta's reputation as a black mecca was "deserved because it is true" because "the metro area now has the highest proportion of middle-income African-Americans of any city in the country".〔 A 1997 ''Ebony'' magazine article illustrated Atlanta's status as "the new mecca" (and the "land of milk and honey" for blacks) because a poll of the magazine's 100 most influential African Americans voted Atlanta overall the best city for blacks, possessed the most employment opportunities for blacks, it was American's "most diverse city", and was the city with the best schools and most affordable housing for blacks.〔 A 2002 article in the same magazine reconfirmed Atlanta as "the new black mecca" and "the go-to city for blacks."〔 In 2009 the Associated Press characterized Atlanta's status as a black mecca by black political power in its City Hall.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「black mecca」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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